7 Causes of Breast Pain While Breastfeeding and How to Relieve It

Breast pain while breastfeeding is one of the common complaints experienced by nursing mothers. Understanding the causes and how to manage them is essential.

Breastfeeding plays a vital role in a baby’s growth and development. However, this process can sometimes cause discomfort, especially for first-time mothers.

Breast milk (ASI) is the primary source of nutrition that babies need. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breastfeeding should ideally continue for at least 2 years to optimize a child’s growth and health.

What Causes Breast Pain While Breastfeeding?

Several conditions may cause breast pain during breastfeeding, including:

1. Oversupply of breast milk

   • Breast pain may occur when milk production increases excessively.

   • This condition usually resolves gradually on its own.

2. Breast engorgement

   • Occurs when milk production exceeds the amount released, leading to milk accumulation in the breast.

   • If untreated, engorgement can progress to mastitis or even a breast abscess.

3. Dermatitis or eczema

   • Irritation of the breast skin caused by soaps, lotions, or chlorine from swimming pools.

   • Can lead to itching and pain.

4. Fungal infection (Candida)

   • Breast pain may also result from a yeast infection, often transmitted from a baby’s mouth if the baby has oral thrush.

   • Symptoms may include sharp pain, redness, and flaking skin on the nipple.

5. Tongue-tie (Ankyloglossia)

   • A congenital condition where the baby’s tongue movement is restricted.

   • This prevents the baby from latching effectively, causing nipple pain during feeding.

   • Mild cases can often be managed with improved positioning and latch correction, while severe cases may require medical intervention.

6. Teething

   • When babies begin teething, their gums may feel sore and itchy, causing them to bite the nipple during feeding.

   • This may result in pain and even cracks or wounds around the nipple.

7. Improper bra use

   • Wearing bras that are too tight or made from uncomfortable materials can put pressure on the breast.

   • This may worsen discomfort and pain.

How to Relieve Breast Pain While Breastfeeding

Don’t worry—although breast pain can occur while nursing, it can often be managed with simple strategies, such as:

• Breastfeed on schedule to avoid milk accumulation.

• Ensure proper positioning and latch between the mother’s breast and the baby’s mouth.

• Apply warm compresses before feeding to improve milk flow.

• Apply cold compresses after feeding to reduce swelling and discomfort.

• Keep breasts clean and dry to prevent bacterial and fungal growth.

• Wear well-fitted bras made of cotton to support comfort and air circulation.

Seek medical advice immediately if:

• The pain does not improve,

• A lump develops in the breast,

• You experience fever or abnormal discharge.

Summary

• Main causes: milk oversupply, engorgement, skin irritation, fungal infection, tongue-tie, teething, and improper bra use.

• Relief strategies: scheduled feeding, improved latch, warm/cold compresses, hygiene, and supportive bras.

• Medical evaluation is necessary if pain persists or is accompanied by lumps or fever.

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