What Is an Ectopic Pregnancy?

In a normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg sticks to the uterus wall where it grows into a fully-developed foetus or a baby. In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg mistakenly attaches to something other than the uterus, for instance, the fallopian tubes. This is also called a tubal ectopic pregnancy.

As the fallopian tubes or any other organ in the body is not made to expand during pregnancy, the growing embryo can cause serious complications. Ectopic pregnancy is rare, but it’s important to identify ectopic pregnancy symptoms as early as possible.

It’s often a mix of several risk factors that determine how the fertilized egg travels and where it implants. Here are some of the common causes of ectopic pregnancy:

• Damaged or blocked fallopian tubes: The fallopian tube is a narrow bridge that connects the ovary (where eggs are stored) to the uterus. If this bridge becomes narrower, is damaged, or gets blocked, then the egg fails to reach the uterus. This can happen due to factors like pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or any previous pelvic surgery.
• Structural abnormalities: Some women are simply born with anatomically different fallopian tubes that carry a high risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• Assisted reproductive technologies: There are higher chances of ectopic pregnancy symptoms if a woman undergoes in vitro fertilization treatment. It’s not directly because of the treatment but because many women with damaged tubes undergo IVF.
• Smoking: Smoking is a major reason why ectopic pregnancy happens.
• Age and hormonal factors: Women over the age of 35 have a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy due to age-related fertility changes.

Typically, the ectopic pregnancy symptoms are seen between the 4th and the 12th weeks of pregnancy. The early signs of ectopic pregnancy at 4 weeks can be mild cramping or spotting. However, these pregnancy warning signs are not one for all kinds of situations.

Some women even experience later discomfort of ectopic pregnancy symptoms at 8 weeks or 12 weeks. The symptoms and time vary vastly from woman to woman, which is why awareness of ectopic pregnancy symptoms is essential.

Wondering “how can I identify ectopic pregnancy?” Here’s how to differentiate ectopic pregnancy symptoms from a normal pregnancy:

• Pain and cramping: Abdominal cramps during pregnancy that may feel like sharp, stabbing pains can be signs of ectopic pregnancy. These are dominant on one side rather than being bilateral.
• Bleeding: Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy, which is often light or medium, can be a sign of trouble. This, accompanied by other symptoms, requires a visit to the doctor.
• Shoulder tip pain: A particular and alarming search on the internet is “shoulder tip pain pregnancy,” which is related to ectopic pregnancy. Pain, especially on the right shoulder tip, can indicate internal bleeding, which irritates the diaphragm.
• General discomfort: Some women complain about pelvic pain during pregnancy, dizziness, or fainting.
• Positive pregnancy test but an empty uterus: The ectopic pregnancy is suspected by the doctor when there is no sign of a fetus in the uterus on an ultrasound, even with a positive pregnancy test.

Here’s a breakdown of ectopic pregnancy symptoms week-by-week:

• Ectopic pregnancy symptoms at 3 weeks or before: Usually, no ectopic pregnancy symptoms are seen at this stage in the pregnancy.
• Signs of ectopic pregnancy at 4 weeks: Mild cramping, light spotting, and missed period.
• Between 5 weeks and 7 weeks: Increased abdominal cramps and vaginal bleeding during the early stage of the ectopic pregnancy.
• Signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy at 8 weeks – 11 weeks: More pronounced pain in general, accompanied by sharp shoulder tip pain.

You may wonder, “How long do ectopic pregnancy symptoms last?” Well, until you get the proper treatment. However, once treated, pain and bleeding typically subside from days to weeks after the treatment.

If left untreated, ectopic pregnancy can cause:

• Rupture of the organ part to which the egg attaches, for example, the fallopian tube. This can lead to internal bleeding.
• Severe life-threatening haemorrhage that requires emergency surgery.
• Possible impact on future pregnancy if the fallopian tubes are damaged.

Once a doctor suspects an ectopic pregnancy symptoms, hCG levels test and an ultrasound are done to confirm the diagnosis. There are two treatment options:

• Medication: Medications like methotrexate can be prescribed to stop the further growth of the embryo. This is possible in early pregnancy when the embryo is small, the tube is not ruptured, and the hCG levels are appropriate.
• Surgery: If the risk of rupture or hCG levels are high, then surgery is needed. The doctor might just remove the foetus through salpingostomy or remove the entire fallopian tube, known as salpingectomy.

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience:

• Severe abdominal or pelvic pain, especially present only on one side.
• When the bleeding symptoms become very heavy.
• Fainting, dizziness, or shoulder tip pain, typically on the right side.

These ectopic pregnancy symptoms can indicate internal bleeding due to possible rupture. Swift medical action in such cases can save lives.

Here’s a quick rundown of this blog on tubal pregnancy symptoms:

• If the fertilized egg attaches to any other body organ apart from the uterus, it’s known as an ectopic pregnancy.
• Ectopic pregnancy symptoms may mimic early pregnancy signs like abdominal pain or spotting. However, unlike normal pregnancy, these symptoms escalate quickly.
• These symptoms can be felt from the 4th to the 12th week of pregnancy.
• If experiencing any warning signs like heavy bleeding, one-sided shoulder tip pain, or fainting, seek medical help immediately.
• The recovery will vary and depend on how you’ve been treated – medicine or surgery.

ART Fertility Clinics offers advanced IVF, IUI, diagnostics, and reproductive care across three leading centres. Book a consultation at the clinic closest to you and start your treatment journey with confidence.